A:-Function overloading:
C++ enables several functions of the same name to be defined, as long as
these functions have different sets of parameters (at least as far as their types are concerned). This
capability is called function overloading. When an overloaded function is called, the C++ compiler
selects the proper function by examining the number, types and order of the arguments in the call.
Function overloading is commonly used to create several functions of the same name that perform
similar tasks but on different data types.
Q:-What do you mean by Operator Overloading?
A:-Operator Overloading:
Operator overloading allows existing C++ operators to be redefined so that they work on objects
of user-defined classes. Overloaded operators are syntactic sugar for
equivalent function calls. They form a pleasant facade that doesn't add anything fundamental to the
language (but they can improve understandability and reduce
maintenance costs).
Q:-Difference between realloc() and free()?
A:-The free subroutine frees a block of memory previously allocated by the malloc subroutine.
Undefined results occur if the Pointer parameter is not a valid pointer. If the Pointer parameter is a
null value, no action will occur. The realloc subroutine changes the size of the block of memory
pointed to by the Pointer parameter to the number of bytes specified by the Size parameter and
returns a new pointer to the block. The pointer specified by the Pointer parameter must have been
created with the malloc, calloc, or realloc subroutines and not been deallocated with the free or
realloc subroutines. Undefined results occur if the Pointer parameter is not a valid pointer
Q:- What do you mean by binding of data and functions?
A:-Encapsulation.
Q:- What is abstraction?
A:-Abstraction is of the process of hiding unwanted details from the user.
Q:- What is encapsulation?
A:-Packaging an object’s variables within its methods is called encapsulation.
Q:- What is the difference between an object and a class?
A:- Classes and objects are separate but related concepts. Every object belongs to a class and every class contains one or more related objects.
1: A Class is static. All of the attributes of a class are fixed before, during, and after the execution of a program. The attributes of a class don't change.
2: The class to which an object belongs is also (usually) static. If a particular object belongs to a
certain class at the time that it is created then it almost certainly will still belong to that class right up until the time that it is destroyed.
3: An Object on the other hand has a limited lifespan. Objects are created and eventually destroyed. Also during that lifetime, the attributes of the object may undergo significant change.
Q:- What is polymorphism? Explain with an example?
A:-"Poly" means "many" and "morph" means "form". Polymorphism is the ability of an object (or
reference) to assume (be replaced by) or become many different forms of
object.
Example: function overloading, function overriding, virtual functions. Another example can be a plus ‘+’ sign, used for adding two integers or for using it to concatenate two strings.
Q:- What do you mean by inheritance?
A:-Inheritance is the process of creating new classes, called derived classes, from existing classes or base classes. The derived class inherits all the capabilities of the base class, but can add embellishments and refinements of its own.
Q:- What is a scope resolution operator?
A:-A scope resolution operator (::), can be used to define the member functions of a class outside the class.
Q:- What are virtual functions?
A:-A virtual function allows derived classes to replace the implementation provided by the base class. The compiler makes sure the replacement is always called whenever
the object in question is actually of the derived class, even if the object is accessed by a base pointer rather than a derived pointer. This allows algorithms in the base class to be replaced in the derived class, even if users don't know about the derived class.
Q:- What is friend function?
A:-As the name suggests, the function acts as a friend to a class. As a friend of a class, it can access its private and protected members. A friend function is not a member of the class. But it must be listed in the class definition.
Q:- What is the difference between class and structure?
A:- Structure:
Initially (in C) a structure was used to bundle different type of data types together to perform a particular functionality. But C++ extended the structure to contain functions also. The major difference is that all declarations inside a structure are by default public.
Class:
Class is a successor of Structure. By default all the members inside the class are private
Q:- What is public, protected, private?
A:-
1:- Public, protected and private are three access specifiers in C++.
2:-Public data members and member functions are accessible outside the class.
3:-Protected data members and member functions are only available to derived classes.
4:-Private data members and member functions can’t be accessed outside the class.
However there is an exception can be using friend classes.
Q:- What is an object?
A:- Object is a software bundle of variables and related methods. Objects have state and behavior.
Q:- What is a class?
A:-Class is a user-defined data type in C++. It can be created to solve a particular kind of problem.
After creation the user need not know the specifics of the working of a class.
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